What do the parties say on climate and energy?

The AfD wants to immediately stop large wind and solar installations in forests and on farmland. To do so, the Federal Building Code and the Regional Planning Act would be returned to their pre-2021 state. The party cites protection of the landscape and rural communities.

The AfD does not want big wind and solar parks in nature. Building laws should go back to how they were before 2021. The AfD says these plants ruin the landscape. Buses and trains in rural areas should get better.

The AfD wants energy policy based on market principles and openness to all technologies. Renewable energy installations would have to operate without subsidies and without priority access to the grid. The platform blames current climate policy for high electricity prices and companies leaving the country.

The AfD wants to change energy policy. Wind and solar plants would get no more state money. Their power would no longer go into the grid first. The AfD says climate policy makes power expensive.

The AfD wants to stop the coal phase-out, expand coal plants, and return to nuclear energy. It also wants the intact Nord Stream 2 pipeline put into operation. The platform argues this will ensure secure and affordable electricity.

The AfD wants to keep making power from coal. It also wants to use nuclear plants again. Gas should come through the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. The AfD says this keeps power safe and cheap.

The AfD wants to scrap all CO₂ levies with nothing put in their place. It argues that they raise production costs, put German industry at a competitive disadvantage, and burden rural regions and farmers.

The AfD wants to end all charges on CO₂. CO₂ is a gas that comes from burning oil, gas, and coal. The AfD says these charges make production more expensive. It says this hurts industry and farmers.

The AfD rejects climate protection policy and any taxes based on it and wants to withdraw from the Paris Agreement. It considers the human share in climate change scientifically unresolved and therefore sees no reason to restrict coal, natural gas and oil. It also rejects the EU's Green Deal.

The AfD wants no climate protection policy. It also wants no taxes for climate protection. Germany should leave the Paris climate agreement. The AfD says humans cannot protect the climate. Coal, gas and oil should stay allowed.

The AfD rejects any further expansion of wind energy and wants no new solar installations on farmland. It justifies this with dangers to animals, plants, the landscape and human health, and with the amount of land used.

The AfD wants no new wind turbines. It says wind turbines kill birds, bats and insects. It says they also harm people and the landscape. There should be no new solar panels on farm fields. The AfD says they take up too much land.

The AfD wants to build new nuclear power plants and nuclear research centers in Germany. The aim is for Germany to regain a leading position in nuclear technology. The platform justifies this with energy security, prosperity and environmental protection.

The AfD wants to build new nuclear power plants. It also wants new centers for nuclear research. Germany should lead in this technology again. The party says this secures energy and prosperity.

The BSW wants the federal government to negotiate with Russia about gas deliveries through the remaining intact Nord Stream line. Energy imports should again be based on long-term contracts awarded according to the lowest price.

The BSW wants to buy gas from Russia again. The government should talk to Russia about this. The gas should come through the Nord Stream pipeline. Germany should buy energy where it is cheapest.

The BSW wants to repeal the heating law and the ban on new combustion engine cars, and to keep the gas grid. The program cites high costs for homeowners and renters and a lack of affordable alternatives. The party considers the goal of quickly reaching full climate neutrality unrealistic.

The BSW wants to scrap the heating law. The ban on new gas and diesel cars should also go. The gas pipes should stay. The party says these rules cost people too much.

The BSW wants to abolish the carbon price. European emissions trading should either be applied worldwide or ended because, in the program's view, a purely European scheme encourages companies to move production abroad.

The BSW wants to end the carbon price. The carbon price makes gasoline, gas and heating oil cost more. The party says many people have no other choice. Europe's trading of carbon permits should end or apply worldwide.

The BSW wants to bring the energy grids under state ownership and pay for their expansion from public funds rather than through electricity prices. Grid fees should fall as far as possible. Storage and reserve power plants should also serve the public interest rather than profit.

The BSW wants the state to own the power grids. The state should pay for building the grids. Then customers should pay less for power. Power storage should not be run for profit either.

The BSW wants to replace old wind turbines with more powerful ones, support solar installations on already built-up areas and expand geothermal energy and district heating. The party rejects new nuclear power plants but wants more research on nuclear fusion. Rather than bans, the program relies on funding and incentives for new technology.

The BSW wants to replace old wind turbines with new ones. Solar panels should go on roofs and parking lots. Heat from the ground should be used more. The party does not want new nuclear plants.

The CDU and the CSU want to use all climate-friendly forms of generation and keep expanding renewable energy. A technology-neutral capacity market is to secure supply. Grids, storage and generation are to be planned together.

The CDU and the CSU want more power from wind, sun, water and wood. Power plants should stand ready as a reserve. The power grids should grow faster. For this, more lines should be built above ground.

The CDU and the CSU stand by the agreed coal phase-out. However, further coal plants are to go offline permanently only once new gas plants and combined heat and power plants are in place as replacements.

Germany wants to stop using coal. The CDU and the CSU stick to this. But coal plants should close only when there is a replacement. The replacement is new gas power plants. The coal regions should get the money they were promised.

The CDU and the CSU see an important role for nuclear power in meeting climate targets and securing supply. They want research into new reactor types and fusion, and a review of whether the most recently shut down nuclear plants can be restarted.

The CDU and the CSU do not want to rule out nuclear power. They want research on new kinds of nuclear plants. Experts should check something. They should say if old nuclear plants can run again. This must not be too costly or too hard.

The CDU and the CSU want to make electricity cheaper for everyone by cutting the electricity tax and reducing grid fees. Germany is to remain a single electricity price zone.

Electricity should get cheaper. The CDU and the CSU want to cut the tax on electricity. The fees for the power grid should also go down. The power price should be set the same way all over Germany.

The CDU and the CSU want to repeal the heating law passed by the "Ampel" coalition. Owners are to decide for themselves which heating system fits their home and budget. Buildings are to become more climate-friendly through carbon pricing, subsidies and technology-neutral solutions.

The CDU and the CSU want to end the heating law. People should choose their own heating. Heating with wood should stay possible. Climate-friendly heating should get support money.

The CDU and the CSU want to advance the hydrogen economy with planning certainty and the necessary infrastructure. The core hydrogen network is to reach all economic regions.

Hydrogen is a gas that can supply energy. The CDU and the CSU want to build a network for hydrogen. All regions with a lot of industry should be connected. No region should be worse off.

The CDU and the CSU commit to the Paris climate goals and to climate neutrality by 2045. They tie this goal to a competitive economy and social affordability. The country is also to adapt more to climate change.

Germany should be climate neutral by 2045. That means: on balance, no more harmful gases are produced. The CDU and the CSU want to keep the economy strong while doing this. Climate protection should be affordable for people. Cities should prepare for more heat and floods.

The CDU and the CSU want to make emissions trading the main instrument of climate policy. The revenue is to flow back to consumers and businesses, first through a lower electricity tax and grid fees and through a climate bonus.

Those who emit harmful CO2 should pay for it. This should become the main tool for climate protection. People and companies should get the money back. For this, electricity should get cheaper. There should also be a climate bonus.

The FDP opposes ending lignite mining before the legally set phase-out year of 2038. It points to the particular economic challenges in eastern Germany.

Germany plans to stop mining lignite coal by 2038. Some people want to stop earlier. The FDP is against that. It is thinking of the economy in eastern Germany.

The FDP wants to phase out electricity and energy taxes and eventually replace them entirely with the CO2 price. Grid fees would also be reformed and grid expansion made cheaper so that energy prices fall.

Electricity and energy should become cheaper. The FDP wants to cut the electricity tax sharply. Later, only the CO2 price should apply. The vehicle tax should also end. New power lines should be built above ground.

The FDP wants to end support for new wind and solar plants under the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and scrap statutory expansion paths. New gas power plants would be built via a capacity market, and more natural gas would be produced in Germany.

New wind and solar plants should no longer get subsidies. They should pay for themselves on the market. The FDP wants new gas power plants. Germany should produce more of its own natural gas, including by fracking.

The FDP wants to make building new nuclear power plants and using nuclear fusion legally possible in Germany, without subsidies. Shut-down nuclear plants could also return to the grid if their operators choose.

The FDP wants to allow nuclear power in Germany again. Companies should be allowed to build new kinds of nuclear plants. Old nuclear plants should be allowed to run again. The state should not pay for this.

The FDP wants to reach the European climate targets mainly through a single EU emissions trading system and to scrap additional climate rules. Revenues would be returned to citizens per capita as a climate dividend. In the party's view, the carbon price cuts greenhouse gases where it is cheapest.

The FDP relies on emissions trading for the climate. Companies buy permits for the CO2 they emit. The number of permits falls every year. Other climate rules should go. All citizens should get the money back.

The FDP wants to move Germany's target year for climate neutrality from 2045 to the EU-wide year of 2050. In its view, national targets add no climate benefit under European emissions trading, and industry would gain time to adapt.

Germany wants to be climate neutral by 2045. The FDP wants to move this goal to 2050. That is the EU's goal. The FDP says companies get more time to change this way.

The FDP wants the Heizungsgesetz (heating law) to expire completely and to reach climate-friendly heating through carbon certificate trading rather than detailed rules. A climate dividend and much lower energy taxes are meant to cushion the costs.

The FDP wants to end the heating law. The state should not decide how people heat. Instead, CO2 emissions should have a price. People should get money back. Heating with wood should stay legal.

The Free Voters want to amend the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and continue feed-in payments for electricity from bioenergy over the long term. Biogas production should grow. The platform calls bioenergy indispensable because it can supply power continuously.

Bioenergy is energy from plants and waste. The Free Voters want to keep paying support for this energy. There should be more biogas. But farmers should still grow enough food.

The Free Voters want to cut electricity costs for households substantially and secure supply with about 20 gigawatts of additional power plant capacity, mainly hydrogen-ready gas plants. Climate measures should not place a disproportionate burden on households or small and mid-sized businesses.

Electricity is very expensive in Germany. The Free Voters want it to be cheaper. They want to build new gas power plants. These deliver power when there is no wind or sun. Climate protection should not hit people with little money too hard.

The Free Voters want to change how the Gebäudeenergiegesetz (building energy act) rates buildings so that construction materials, building work and disposal also count. They stand by the goal of climate neutrality, but a fixed target year should not be untouchable if the burdens become too high.

Today, what counts for buildings is mostly how much energy they use. The Free Voters also want to count the building materials. Wood should be rated better than concrete. Older people should not lose their home because of costly rules. The year for climate neutrality should be movable.

The Free Voters favor decentralized supply from renewable sources in which municipalities and citizens have a stake. Local heating grids with a monopoly position should not be privatized, and cooperatives of connected customers should get special support.

Energy should be produced locally, for example from wind and sun. Towns and citizens should share in the earnings. Heating grids should not go to private companies. Citizens should be able to join together and invest in heating grids themselves.

The Free Voters want the power system to follow supply more closely: when electricity is plentiful, the price should fall so that consumption shifts. To that end they call for flexible rates, grid fees that reflect who causes the costs, more storage and bidirectional charging.

When there is a lot of electricity, it should be cheap. Then it pays to use power at that time. The Free Voters want more power storage. Electric cars should also be allowed to feed power back into the grid. This is called bidirectional charging.

The Free Voters want base-load power to become climate-neutral as soon as possible. All forms of renewable generation, including biogas and biomass, are to be expanded. The party also counts on hydrogen and on further scientific development of nuclear power and nuclear fusion.

Germany always needs a basic amount of electricity. This should soon be produced without harming the climate. The Free Voters want more biogas and biomass for this. They also want research on hydrogen, nuclear power and nuclear fusion.

The Free Voters want to push the market ramp-up of hydrogen and plan power, heat and gas grids together. Gas pipelines should not be dismantled. Hydrogen is to be used wherever it makes the most technical and economic sense, including in transport.

Hydrogen is a gas that can store energy. The Free Voters want to make it usable faster. Gas pipelines should stay, because they can carry hydrogen later. The power grid and the gas grid should be planned together.

The Free Voters want to cushion the effects of the coal phase-out on lignite regions and compensate for them ecologically and financially. Research and innovation funding are meant to turn these regions into climate pioneers.

Germany is ending the use of coal. This hits the coal regions hard. The Free Voters want to help these regions. More research should happen there. This should bring new companies.

The Free Voters commit to the obligations of the Paris climate agreement. They want to achieve climate and environmental protection mainly through innovation and, as far as possible, without levies and bans, while always taking social effects into account.

The Free Voters stand by the Paris climate agreement. They want to protect the climate mainly with new technology. They want to avoid bans and new charges where they can. Climate protection should stay affordable for everyone.

The Free Voters want the state to take climate consequences into account when it aids companies. The platform rejects bailing out airlines with taxpayer money as clinging to old structures.

The state sometimes helps companies with money. The Free Voters want it to consider the climate when it does. The state should not simply rescue airlines. That is the party's view.

The Free Voters see both opportunities and risks in underground CO2 storage (CCS). Before any project, they demand expert assessments, public participation and the consent of the federal state concerned.

The gas CO2 can be pressed underground. The Free Voters see chances and dangers in this. Experts should check each project first. Citizens should have a say. The state must agree.

The Greens want to make electricity permanently cheaper for companies. A Deutschlandfonds (Germany fund) would pay the fees for the long-distance transmission lines, and the electricity tax would fall to the lowest rate the EU allows. The platform calls a secure, clean and affordable energy supply a decisive factor for Germany as a business location.

The Greens want electricity to cost less. The state would pay the costs of the big power lines. The tax on electricity would drop a lot. This is meant to help companies in Germany.

The Greens reject rolling back the European Green Deal or weakening climate targets. Instead, it would be expanded into a Clean Industrial Deal with an industrial policy coordinated at the European level. The platform argues that future technologies need stable conditions.

The EU has a plan for more climate protection. It is called the Green Deal. The Greens want to keep this plan. Climate goals should not get weaker. The EU should help industry make the change.

The Greens want to support industry in becoming climate neutral and keep it in Germany. They rely on the carbon price, targeted investment support, more Klimaschutzverträge (climate protection contracts) and guaranteed demand for climate-neutral products.

The Greens want to help industry protect the climate. Factories should stay in Germany. The state should pay companies that save a lot of CO₂. The state should also buy climate-friendly steel itself.

The Greens want to permit capturing, storing and using CO₂ where industrial emissions are hard to avoid. Uniform Europe-wide rules and shared infrastructure would be created for this.

Some factories cannot fully avoid CO₂. The Greens want to allow capturing and storing CO₂ there. The CO₂ must be stored safely. Europe should get shared rules and storage sites for this.

The Greens want to protect households from having their electricity or heating cut off. Electricity bills are to become easier to understand, and district heating is to get nationwide price oversight.

The Greens want to protect people who pay for power and heating. Nobody should simply have their power or heat cut off. Power bills should be easier to read. The state should check prices for district heating.

The Greens oppose weakening the European Green Deal and the 'Fit for 55' legislative package. European emissions trading for transport and buildings is to start as planned. Businesses need planning certainty, the platform says.

The Greens want to keep the EU's climate laws. These laws are called the Green Deal. Nobody should make them weaker. Emitting CO₂ should have a price in the EU, also for transport and buildings.

The Greens want to stick to the goal of climate neutrality by 2045 and to the interim targets. Under the Climate Protection Act, individual sectors are to be held more accountable again if they are projected to miss their targets.

Germany should be climate neutral by 2045. The Greens want to stick to that. Every ministry should have to act in its own area. More should happen in transport: more rail and more electric cars.

The Greens want to expand funding programs for climate-friendly investments and scale them more strongly by income. People with low or middle incomes are to get more support. Investments in climate neutrality are to be financed partly through borrowing.

Climate protection costs money, for example for a new heating system. The Greens want to help people pay for it. People who earn little should get more help. The state should also be allowed to borrow money for this.

The Greens want to spend revenue from the carbon price on heating and transport on socially fair climate action. Most of it would be paid out as Klimageld (a climate payment) to people with low and middle incomes.

Heating and fuel cost more because of the carbon price. The state earns money from this. The Greens want to give this money back. People with low or middle incomes should get a climate payment.

The Greens want those who cause climate damage to pay for it. They name the super-rich and oil and gas companies, which are to contribute to covering the costs.

The climate crisis causes high costs. The Greens say: whoever causes the damage should pay. They mean very rich people and oil and gas companies. Coal companies should pay for later damage themselves.

The Greens want to keep up the pace of renewable energy expansion. Renewables are to supply 80 percent of electricity by 2030, and power generation is to be fully climate-neutral in 2035.

Electricity should come from wind, sun and water. By 2030 this should be 80 percent. In 2035 all electricity should be climate-neutral. People should find it easier to use and share their own power.

The Greens want to better match electricity supply and demand because wind and sun deliver unevenly. New market rules, grid expansion, storage, digital grids and hydrogen-ready power plants are to contribute.

Wind and sun do not always deliver the same amount of power. So the Greens want to change the power market. They want to build more lines and storage. People should use power when it is cheap.

The Greens want to make electricity cheaper for households and businesses. The electricity tax is to drop to the minimum rate allowed in the EU, and a new way of financing grid expansion is to lower grid fees.

Electricity should get cheaper. The Greens want to cut the electricity tax sharply. Fees for the power grid should also go down. This should ease the burden on people and companies.

The Greens want no coal-fired power plant running in Germany from 2030 on, and coal mining is to end as well. This is meant to give coal regions planning certainty and allow an orderly structural transition.

The Greens want to stop burning coal from 2030 on. Coal mining should end then too. Coal regions should be able to plan safely. The state should support them during the change.

The Greens want to reduce the use of fossil gas step by step and end it by 2045 at the latest. New projects to extract oil and natural gas are no longer to be approved in Germany.

The Greens want to use less and less natural gas. It should end by 2045 at the latest. No one should start new drilling for oil or gas in Germany. Green hydrogen and renewable energy should replace gas.

The Greens reject a return to nuclear power, citing the unresolved waste storage question, the costs and the risk of weapons-grade material spreading. Fuel element production and uranium enrichment in Germany are also to end.

The Greens want no more nuclear power plants. They find nuclear power too dangerous and too costly. Factories for nuclear fuel in Germany should close too. A safe storage site should be found for nuclear waste.

The Greens stand by the Gebäudeenergiegesetz (building energy law) and the subsidy of up to 70 percent for fossil-free heating systems and want to expand support. Together with municipalities, everyone is to be able to switch gradually to climate-neutral, affordable heating.

The Greens want heating to stop harming the climate. The heating law should stay. People who install climate-friendly heating get money from the state. The Greens want to increase this help.

The Greens want to expand heating networks, convert them to renewable heat, and extend and increase federal funding for this. District heating customers are to be better protected, first through price oversight and later through price regulation.

District heating brings heat through pipes to many homes at once. The Greens want to build more of these networks. The heat should be climate-friendly. The state should check district heating prices.

The Greens want to make climate action and adaptation to climate impacts a task that the federal government and the states pay for together, because municipalities carry most of the burden. Flood protection, disaster response and the protection of cities against heat and heavy rain are to be expanded.

The climate is changing. There is more heat and more flooding. The Greens want to protect people better. The federal government and the states should pay for this together. Cities should get more green space and more room for water.

The Greens want to end oil extraction in German waters and gas extraction in Germany by 2035 and to draw up a roadmap for it. They reject gas drilling off Borkum because, in the platform's view, it endangers the Wadden Sea.

The Greens want Germany to stop pumping oil and gas. This should end by 2035. Nobody should drill for gas near the island of Borkum. The Greens want to protect the Wadden Sea this way.

The Greens want Germany and Europe to contribute their share of international climate finance in line with the decisions of the climate conferences. Climate diplomacy and partnerships are to support other countries on the path to climate neutrality; the program sees the climate crisis as a major security risk.

The Greens want to advance climate protection around the world. Germany and Europe should give money to other countries for this. Poor and badly affected countries should get special help. International banks should stop funding coal, oil and gas.

The Left wants low-cost base rates for average use of electricity and heating energy, while higher use costs more. This is to be funded temporarily by a surcharge on the rich. Electricity and gas shutoffs are to be banned.

Power and heating should be cheap for normal use. People who use more pay more. Rich people should pay an extra tax for a while to fund this. Nobody should have their power or gas cut off.

The Left wants to pay every person 320 euros a year in Klimageld (climate dividend) directly, retroactive to the start of 2025. This is meant to offset the rising carbon price in a socially fair way.

Every person should get 320 euros of climate money per year. The state pays it out directly. It should make up for higher costs from the carbon price. People with little money should benefit most.

The Left wants to give the federal Climate and Transformation Fund 65 billion euros a year. It is to pay for storage technology, hydrogen, an industrial electricity price and aid for auto suppliers, among other things.

The federal government has a fund for climate protection. The Left wants to make it bigger. It should get 65 billion euros every year. The money is for storage, hydrogen and cheaper power for industry. Suppliers to the car industry should get help too.

The Left wants Germany to become climate neutral by 2040. To get there, binding targets and emission limits are to apply, and the sector targets in the Climate Protection Act are to be restored.

Germany should be climate neutral by 2040. That means the country no longer harms the climate. There should be fixed limits on emissions. Each area such as transport or buildings gets its own target again.

The Left wants to lower electricity prices by cutting the electricity tax to the EU minimum, restructuring grid fees and ending the system in which expensive fossil power plants set the price for the whole market. Income-based rates and a ban on power and gas cutoffs are added.

Electricity should become cheaper. The Left wants to cut the tax on electricity sharply. Expensive power plants should no longer set the price for all electricity. There should be cheap rates for normal use. Nobody should have their power or gas cut off.

The Left rejects the European emissions trading system for heating and transport (ETS-2). It is to be replaced by binding climate targets, emission limits, and funding and infrastructure programs.

In the EU, CO2 from heating and driving will soon get a market price. The Left does not want this. It wants fixed limits on emissions. The state should pay to support the changes.

The Left wants to make climate protection and adaptation to climate impacts a joint task of the federal government, states and municipalities, and to strengthen disaster protection. Countries of the Global South are to receive far more money for climate protection and climate damage.

The federal government, states and towns should work together on climate. They should prepare for floods, heat and drought. Disaster protection should get better. Poor countries should get much more money for climate protection.

The Left wants to transfer electricity, heating and gas grids into public ownership. The state and municipalities are to take a large part in expanding renewable energy, and heating networks are to be barred from making profits.

The grids for electricity, heat and gas should belong to the state or the towns. The state should build many wind and solar plants itself. Nobody should make a profit from heating networks. Energy should not belong to big corporations.

The Left wants a solar mandate for new buildings and for existing buildings after a major roof renovation. Municipalities are to receive a bonus for new wind and solar plants and higher mandatory payments from operators.

New buildings should get solar panels on the roof. This also applies to old buildings after a big roof renovation. Towns get money when wind turbines or solar plants are built there. This way local people benefit.

The Left wants to write the nuclear phase-out into the constitution and end the production of uranium fuel in Gronau and Lingen. Public money is to be pulled out of fossil and nuclear energy companies.

The Left wants no more nuclear power. This should be written into the constitution. The uranium fuel factories in Gronau and Lingen should close. The state should not invest money in nuclear, coal or gas companies.

The Left wants to complete the coal phase-out by 2030 and then phase out the burning of natural gas. A gas phase-out act is to set a binding path; electricity from natural gas is to end by 2035.

Germany should stop burning coal by 2030. After that, natural gas should end too. There should be a law with a fixed plan for this. By 2035, no electricity should come from natural gas. Affected workers should be protected.

The Left wants no new permanent infrastructure for natural gas and liquefied gas, a fracking ban and an import ban on fracked liquefied gas. It rejects underground CO2 storage as a climate solution, and hydrogen is to be used only where it is indispensable.

No new permanent facilities should be built for natural gas. Fracking should be banned. Fracking is a risky way to get gas out of the ground. Gas from fracking should not come into the country. CO2 should not be stored underground. Hydrogen should only be used where nothing else works.

The Left calls for 25 billion euros a year for energy-saving renovations and replacing heating systems. Subsidies are to be scaled by income so that low- and middle-income households face no extra burden.

The state should give 25 billion euros every year for renovations and new heating. People with low incomes get their new heating fully paid. People with middle incomes get part of it. Very rich people pay for it themselves.

The Left wants to rebuild cities in response to global warming and make climate adaptation and disaster protection a standard public task. The platform points to heat and water shortages, which especially affect children, older people and outdoor workers.

Summers are getting hotter. That is dangerous for health. So the Left wants to rebuild cities. There should be more parks, gardens and drinking fountains.

The ÖDP wants Germany to become climate neutral by 2030 in order to meet the 1.5-degree target. After that, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is supposed to fall again, which the party says is needed to prevent a hothouse climate.

The ÖDP wants to protect the climate. Germany should be climate neutral by 2030. That means no extra greenhouse gases are added. After that, there should be less CO2 in the air again.

The ÖDP wants to switch the entire energy supply to renewable sources by 2030 and phase out coal well before 2030. Solar and wind power would be expanded faster, among other things through solar mandates and simpler planning.

The ÖDP wants to use only renewable energy by 2030. That is, for example, power from sun and wind. Coal should end well before 2030. Solar panels should be required on many roofs.

The ÖDP rejects a return to nuclear power because it considers the consequences of a severe accident and the storage of nuclear waste incalculable. The remaining nuclear facilities in Germany would also close, and Germany would withdraw from the Euratom Treaty.

The ÖDP wants no more nuclear power. It thinks accidents and nuclear waste are too dangerous. The last nuclear sites in Germany should close too. Germany should leave a European nuclear treaty.

The PdF wants to make electricity cheaper for companies by cutting the electricity tax to the EU minimum and giving energy-intensive firms a state-supported price. Energy companies would have to disclose their pricing so that relief is passed on.

Electricity is expensive for companies in Germany. The PdF wants to cut the electricity tax sharply. Firms that use a lot of power get a cheap price from the state. Energy companies must show how they set their prices.

The PdF wants to better prepare cities and towns for heat, heavy rain and drought. To do so, resilient infrastructure, digital early warning systems and research on water use are to be expanded.

The climate is changing. The PdF wants to better protect cities and villages from heat and floods. Cities should get more green spaces. Warning systems should alert people earlier about bad weather.

The PdF wants to speed up the expansion of wind and solar power by fast-tracking permits in priority zones. It also calls for heavy investment in power grids and storage, plus funding for solar installations and storage research.

The PdF wants more power from wind and sun. Permits should be faster. The state should put a lot of money into power grids and storage. Solar panels on houses should get money from the state.

The PdF wants to fund research in Germany on new reactor types and nuclear fusion. It also wants to examine whether nuclear power plants can be operated or brought back online.

The PdF wants to keep researching nuclear power. This includes small new reactors and nuclear fusion. Germany should work with other countries. The PdF wants to check if nuclear plants can run again.

The PdF wants to support energy storage to balance out fluctuating generation from renewable sources. It also wants more capacity in power lines and lower grid fees.

Power from wind and sun goes up and down. So the PdF wants to support power storage. Power lines should be able to carry more electricity. Fees for using the power grid should go down.

The SPD wants to first stabilize the fees for the long-distance power grid and then cap them at 3 cents per kilowatt-hour. This is meant to halve the average burden on households and businesses and provide planning certainty.

Everyone pays a fee for the big power grid. The SPD wants to limit this fee. It should be 3 cents per kilowatt-hour at most. Then power gets cheaper for homes and companies.

The SPD wants more electricity-intensive companies to get relief on grid fees and through electricity price compensation. The reduced electricity tax is to become permanent.

Some companies need a lot of power. The SPD wants more of them to pay less for it. The tax on power is lower right now. That should stay that way for good.

The SPD is betting on electrification and hydrogen in industry. It wants to create lead markets for green steel made in Germany with fixed purchase quotas, and to build a hydrogen network and storage.

Industry should become climate-friendly. For that it needs hydrogen. The SPD wants to build a network and storage for hydrogen. Green steel from Germany should have guaranteed buyers. For example, the railway should use a fixed share of it.

The SPD wants climate policy to rely more on collective solutions such as heating networks and to treat climate neutrality as part of public services. Subsidies would go mainly to people who could not otherwise afford to switch.

The SPD wants everyone to be able to afford climate action. The state should build shared solutions, such as heating networks. A heating network heats many houses at once. Money from the state should go mainly to poorer people.

The SPD commits to Germany's and the EU's climate targets and to the European Green Deal. It does not want to weaken rules already adopted, partly because in its view businesses need planning certainty.

The SPD wants to keep the climate targets. That applies to Germany and to Europe. It does not want to loosen rules already agreed. Companies should be able to rely on them.

The SPD sees the carbon price for households and small businesses only as a supplementary tool. Once the European scheme applies from 2027, measures such as a Klimageld (climate payment) are meant to keep people from being financially overburdened.

Anyone who emits CO2 has to pay for it. That makes heating and fuel more expensive. The SPD wants to protect people from paying too much. One example is a climate payment. That is money the state pays to citizens.

The SPD wants to keep expanding wind power, solar energy and storage and make sure the low generation costs reach consumers. This includes stable grid fees, price oversight for district heating and help for poorer households.

Electricity from wind and sun is cheap. The SPD wants more of it. The cost of the power grid should not keep rising. The state should check prices for district heating. Poorer households should be able to rent a heat pump.

The SPD wants an urban development funding program that helps municipalities adapt to climate change. Cities are to become greener and more resilient to heat.

Cities get very hot in summer. The SPD wants to give cities money. They should use it to create more green spaces and water. This is meant to make cities cooler.

The SPD wants above all to avoid greenhouse gases rather than capture CO2 afterward. It considers the nuclear phase-out right and wants to speed up the search for a final repository.

The SPD wants fewer greenhouse gases to be produced. For that, wind and solar power should grow faster. The nuclear plants stay off. Nuclear waste needs a safe storage site. The search for it should go faster.

The SPD wants to implement the Paris Climate Agreement and provide a fair German contribution to international climate finance. It points out that the poorest countries are often hit hardest by climate change and are the least prepared.

Climate change hits poor countries especially hard. The SPD wants to help these countries. Germany should provide money for this. Private funders should join in too. Germany should work with other countries on climate protection.

The Tierschutzpartei wants to anchor climate protection in a separate article of the Grundgesetz (Basic Law). Federal and state authorities would be obliged to do everything necessary to keep global warming at 1.5 degrees if possible.

The Tierschutzpartei wants to write climate protection into the constitution. The state would then have to do everything to limit warming. The goal is no more than 1.5 degrees.

The Tierschutzpartei calls for a starting CO₂ price of 180 euros per ton. The revenue is to be returned to the population in equal shares as a climate dividend.

The Tierschutzpartei wants a high price on CO₂. One ton should cost 180 euros to start. Everyone should get the money back in equal shares.

The Tierschutzpartei stands by ending the registration of new combustion engines by 2035 at the latest. Fossil fuels are also to be phased out, and fracking is to be banned without exception.

From 2035, no new gasoline or diesel cars should be registered. The Tierschutzpartei wants to keep this rule. Fracking should be banned completely. Fracking is a way to get gas out of the ground.

The Tierschutzpartei wants to adapt cities to the effects of the climate crisis. It calls for large programs to unseal paved ground and for more flood protection.

The Tierschutzpartei wants to remove concrete and asphalt in cities. The ground can then take in water and cool the air. There should also be more protection against floods.

The Tierschutzpartei wants to drive the energy transition mainly through photovoltaics and introduce a solar mandate for new buildings and fully renovated roofs. People with low incomes are to receive money for balcony solar units. For wind and hydropower, animal protection is to be given more weight.

The Tierschutzpartei wants much more power from the sun. Every new building should get solar panels. This also applies when a roof is rebuilt. Poor people should get money for a balcony solar unit. Wind turbines and hydropower plants should not harm animals.

The Tierschutzpartei considers the coal phase-out agreed for 2038 too late and wants to bring it forward to 2030 at the latest. It stands by the exit from nuclear energy and rejects a return to nuclear power.

Germany plans to stop using coal by 2038. The Tierschutzpartei thinks that is too late. It wants this done by 2030. Nuclear power should not come back. The party sees nuclear power as dangerous.

The Tierschutzpartei wants to exit oil and gas for building heat and power generation earlier than 2035. The federal government is to cover most of the cost of a heat pump for low-income households. District heating networks are to be modernized and expanded on a large scale.

The Tierschutzpartei wants to move away from oil and gas heating faster. Poor people should get help to buy a heat pump. The state should pay most of it. There should be more district heating. That means heat comes to homes through pipes.

The Tierschutzpartei wants at least 50,000 hectares of drained peat soils to be rewetted each year, instead of the 2,000 hectares achieved so far. Peatlands are to be preserved as carbon stores and habitats. Ongoing drainage is to be stopped and reversed in the long term.

Peatlands store a lot of CO₂. Many peatlands are dry today. The Tierschutzpartei wants to make them wet again. That should be at least 50,000 hectares every year. Nobody should drain peatlands anymore.

The Tierschutzpartei wants binding requirements to cut methane and ammonia emissions from animal farming. No more forests would be cleared for animal feed, and peatlands would be rewetted. Plant-based diets would be promoted more strongly as a climate measure.

Animal farming creates gases that harm the climate. The Tierschutzpartei wants rules that force these gases down. Nobody should cut down forests for animal feed. Drained peatlands should be made wet again.

Volt wants Germany to be climate neutral by 2040 at the latest, as its contribution to the Paris Agreement. Climate protection, competitiveness, and social fairness are to be pursued together. The goal is a circular economy that stays within planetary boundaries.

Germany should be climate neutral by 2040. That means the country no longer harms the climate. Emissions should drop sharply in the coming years. The economy should still stay strong and fair.

Volt wants to lower energy prices because, in the platform's view, they help determine competitiveness, especially for industry. To that end, the energy tax would be cut and the federal government would cover part of the grid fees.

Volt wants energy to cost less. The tax on energy should be as low as possible. Later it should end in the whole EU. The government should pay part of the cost of the power grids.

Volt wants to factor ecological and social costs into economic decisions through market-based instruments. The second European emissions trading system would start on schedule, and the sales tax would depend on sustainability. Part of the revenue from carbon pricing would flow back to the population.

Volt wants harm to the climate and the environment to have a price. Trading in CO₂ permits in Europe should grow in 2027. The sales tax should depend on how sustainable a product is. At least one third of the CO₂ money should go straight to the people.

Volt wants to allow fossil fuels in industrial plants only until 2035 and to require climate-neutral energy for new plants. The platform justifies this with climate targets, securing Germany as a business location, and reducing dependence on fossil resources.

From 2035, factories should stop using oil, gas and coal. New plants must run on electricity or hydrogen. Volt wants to fund new production methods. Some emissions cannot be avoided. Volt wants to capture and store these.

Volt wants political decisions to undergo mandatory checks of their climate impact and wants climate action to be binding at every level of government. More transparency about emissions and products is meant to enable informed purchasing decisions and build acceptance.

Politicians should check every decision for its effect on the climate. Federal, state and local governments should have to protect the climate. An online overview should show emissions every year. Shoppers should get clear information about products.

Volt wants all electricity demand in 2035 to be met continuously from renewable energy. To get there, grids would be expanded faster, storage made more economically attractive, and solar installations on buildings made mandatory nationwide.

From 2035, all electricity should come from wind, sun and other renewable sources. Volt wants to expand power grids faster. Power storage should pay off more. New buildings should have to get solar panels. This also applies to major renovations.

Volt wants to cut the electricity tax to the minimum permitted in the EU and restructure grid fees so that energy stays affordable. The platform argues that the costs of the energy transition are unevenly distributed and often fall on those who cannot have solar panels or a heat pump.

Volt wants to cut the tax on electricity sharply. Fees for the power grid should also stay low. The energy transition costs a lot of money. Volt says the costs are not shared fairly. People should be able to take part in energy projects.

Volt wants to set out in law a path for turning gas distribution grids into hydrogen grids and to secure the long-term supply of green hydrogen. The party says this matters most for industries that cannot be fully electrified.

Green hydrogen is a gas made with green electricity. Some factories cannot run on electricity alone. They need this hydrogen. Volt wants to convert gas grids for hydrogen step by step. Germany and Europe should work together to secure enough hydrogen.

Volt wants to shift heating to renewable sources by simplifying permits for geothermal energy and large heat pumps and by expanding district heating and the use of waste heat. Heating systems labeled "H2-ready" would no longer be subsidized, because the party considers running them on green hydrogen unrealistic.

Volt wants heating to work without oil and gas. Geothermal energy and large heat pumps should get permits faster. District heating should be expanded. Heat from factories and data centers should also be used. Heaters built for hydrogen should get no more subsidies.

Volt wants to write adaptation to the effects of the climate crisis into the Basic Law as a joint task of the federal and state governments and finance it through a long-term fund. This is meant to better prepare cities and rural regions for extreme weather events.

The climate is changing. There is more heat and more heavy rain. Volt wants to prepare cities and villages for this. This should be written into the Basic Law, Germany's constitution, as a task. A fund should pay for it for at least 30 years. A fund is a pot of money for one purpose.

Volt wants to prepare Germany better for the effects of the climate crisis. This includes more flood protection, a health system geared to heat and infection risks, and resilient mixed forests.

Volt wants to prepare Germany for the effects of the climate crisis. There should be more protection against floods. The health system should cope better with heat. Forests should have many kinds of trees.

Volt wants to promote technologies for capturing, using and storing CO₂ and put them on a clear legal footing. In the party's view they are needed for climate-neutral manufacturing and secure jobs and competitiveness.

Volt wants to support technology that captures CO₂. CO₂ is a climate gas. It can be reused or stored in the ground. Volt prefers reusing it over storing it. Energy companies should take part of their CO₂ back out of the air.

Volt wants to launch a nationwide program for energy retrofits of public buildings. The state is to become a role model for private owners. According to the platform, climate-neutral building and renovation lowers energy costs and helps meet climate targets.

Volt wants to renovate public buildings, such as offices and schools. The buildings would then need less energy. The state should set an example. There would be funding for climate-neutral building.